Best of
Best cities for tech startup founders (2026)
Cities with deep founder ecosystems: investor density, technical talent, infrastructure and accessible visa routes. Editorial picks, composite-ranked.
Why this list matters
Founders optimize differently from employees: capital access, technical co-founder density, and operational ease beat raw salary or cost-of-living. This list weighs ecosystem signals against tax + infrastructure.
The ecosystem-density factor is editorial — it reflects observed founder concentration (Silicon Valley, NYC, London, Berlin) rather than a single quantifiable metric. Lower-tier cities may be rising fast and warrant a second look.
Editorial ranking emphasizing investor density, technical talent depth, founder-friendly visa routes, and infrastructure. The score blends composite quality (35%), internet speed (25%), tax-affordability (20%), and a manual ecosystem-density factor (20%) encoded in the rank order.
| # | City | Founder score | Country |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  San FranciscoUnited States | 87/100 | United States |
| 2 |  SingaporeSingapore | 82/100 | Singapore |
| 3 | New YorkUnited States | 81/100 | United States |
| 4 |  AmsterdamNetherlands | 81/100 | Netherlands |
| 5 |  TallinnEstonia | 80/100 | Estonia |
| 6 |  DubaiUnited Arab Emirates | 78/100 | United Arab Emirates |
| 7 |  BerlinGermany | 73/100 | Germany |
| 8 |  TokyoJapan | 73/100 | Japan |
| 9 |  LondonUnited Kingdom | 73/100 | United Kingdom |
| 10 |  StockholmSweden | 70/100 | Sweden |
| 11 |  ParisFrance | 70/100 | France |
| 12 |  ZurichSwitzerland | 69/100 | Switzerland |
| 13 |  SeoulSouth Korea | 68/100 | South Korea |
| 14 | MunichGermany | 68/100 | Germany |
| 15 |  DublinIreland | 66/100 | Ireland |
| 16 |  BarcelonaSpain | 66/100 | Spain |
| 17 | MadridSpain | 66/100 | Spain |
| 18 |  CopenhagenDenmark | 65/100 | Denmark |
| 19 |  LisbonPortugal | 64/100 | Portugal |
| 20 |  TaipeiTaiwan | 60/100 | Taiwan |
| 21 | Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates | 60/100 | United Arab Emirates |
| 22 |  TorontoCanada | 58/100 | Canada |
| 23 | BusanSouth Korea | 58/100 | South Korea |
| 24 | OsakaJapan | 58/100 | Japan |
| 25 | GenevaSwitzerland | 57/100 | Switzerland |
| 26 | AustinUnited States | 56/100 | United States |
| 27 | SeattleUnited States | 56/100 | United States |
| 28 | GothenburgSweden | 56/100 | Sweden |
| 29 | RotterdamNetherlands | 56/100 | Netherlands |
| 30 |  ViennaAustria | 56/100 | Austria |
| 31 |  Hong KongHong Kong | 56/100 | Hong Kong |
| 32 |  PragueCzech Republic | 56/100 | Czech Republic |
| 33 |  BangkokThailand | 55/100 | Thailand |
| 34 | ValenciaSpain | 55/100 | Spain |
| 35 | MiamiUnited States | 55/100 | United States |
| 36 | ChicagoUnited States | 55/100 | United States |
| 37 |  SydneyAustralia | 54/100 | Australia |
| 38 | LyonFrance | 54/100 | France |
| 39 |  OsloNorway | 53/100 | Norway |
| 40 | VancouverCanada | 53/100 | Canada |
| 41 | MelbourneAustralia | 53/100 | Australia |
| 42 | Los AngelesUnited States | 53/100 | United States |
| 43 |  Cluj-NapocaRomania | 52/100 | Romania |
| 44 |  WarsawPoland | 52/100 | Poland |
| 45 | PortoPortugal | 52/100 | Portugal |
| 46 |  BudapestHungary | 52/100 | Hungary |
| 47 | FrankfurtGermany | 52/100 | Germany |
| 48 | MontrealCanada | 52/100 | Canada |
| 49 |  JeddahSaudi Arabia | 52/100 | Saudi Arabia |
| 50 |  Tel AvivIsrael | 51/100 | Israel |
| 51 | HamburgGermany | 51/100 | Germany |
| 52 | EdinburghUnited Kingdom | 51/100 | United Kingdom |
| 53 | RiyadhSaudi Arabia | 51/100 | Saudi Arabia |
| 54 | BucharestRomania | 50/100 | Romania |
| 55 | SalzburgAustria | 50/100 | Austria |
| 56 | DebrecenHungary | 49/100 | Hungary |
| 57 | ManchesterUnited Kingdom | 49/100 | United Kingdom |
| 58 |  FlorenceItaly | 49/100 | Italy |
| 59 |  Kuala LumpurMalaysia | 49/100 | Malaysia |
| 60 |  WellingtonNew Zealand | 49/100 | New Zealand |
| 61 |  ValparaisoChile | 48/100 | Chile |
| 62 |  ShanghaiChina | 48/100 | China |
| 63 | Chiang MaiThailand | 48/100 | Thailand |
| 64 | AucklandNew Zealand | 47/100 | New Zealand |
| 65 | BeijingChina | 47/100 | China |
| 66 | KrakowPoland | 47/100 | Poland |
| 67 | CorkIreland | 47/100 | Ireland |
| 68 | SantiagoChile | 46/100 | Chile |
| 69 | BrnoCzech Republic | 46/100 | Czech Republic |
| 70 | PenangMalaysia | 46/100 | Malaysia |
| 71 | BrisbaneAustralia | 45/100 | Australia |
| 72 | MilanItaly | 44/100 | Italy |
| 73 | RomeItaly | 44/100 | Italy |
| 74 |  AntwerpBelgium | 43/100 | Belgium |
| 75 |  MedellinColombia | 42/100 | Colombia |
| 76 | BrusselsBelgium | 42/100 | Belgium |
| 77 |  Rio de JaneiroBrazil | 41/100 | Brazil |
| 78 |  BangaloreIndia | 41/100 | India |
| 79 |  Mexico CityMexico | 41/100 | Mexico |
| 80 | São PauloBrazil | 41/100 | Brazil |
| 81 |  Buenos AiresArgentina | 41/100 | Argentina |
| 82 |  ArequipaPeru | 41/100 | Peru |
| 83 | BogotaColombia | 41/100 | Colombia |
| 84 | GuadalajaraMexico | 40/100 | Mexico |
| 85 |  BaliIndonesia | 40/100 | Indonesia |
| 86 |  AthensGreece | 40/100 | Greece |
| 87 |  Ho Chi Minh CityVietnam | 39/100 | Vietnam |
| 88 | CordobaArgentina | 39/100 | Argentina |
| 89 |  Cape TownSouth Africa | 39/100 | South Africa |
| 90 | HanoiVietnam | 39/100 | Vietnam |
| 91 | LimaPeru | 38/100 | Peru |
| 92 |  MarrakechMorocco | 38/100 | Morocco |
| 93 |  CebuPhilippines | 38/100 | Philippines |
| 94 | ThessalonikiGreece | 37/100 | Greece |
| 95 |  AnkaraTurkey | 36/100 | Turkey |
| 96 | CasablancaMorocco | 36/100 | Morocco |
| 97 | ManilaPhilippines | 36/100 | Philippines |
| 98 | MumbaiIndia | 36/100 | India |
| 99 | JohannesburgSouth Africa | 36/100 | South Africa |
| 100 | IstanbulTurkey | 36/100 | Turkey |
| 101 | JakartaIndonesia | 35/100 | Indonesia |
| 102 |  AlexandriaEgypt | 34/100 | Egypt |
| 103 | CairoEgypt | 34/100 | Egypt |
| 104 | DelhiIndia | 34/100 | India |
The top three, in context
San Francisco is the global benchmark for founder ecosystems despite its cost — capital depth, technical density, and exit liquidity remain unmatched. The trade-off is brutal: housing burn, regulatory friction, and a saturated talent market.
New York is the second US founder ecosystem with stronger non-tech industries (fintech, media, consumer). Less concentrated than SF but more diverse — useful for founders building outside pure software.
Founder-friendly ≠ employee-friendly. Cities here may have great founder ecosystems but tough employee employment law / hire costs (e.g. France, Germany). The two perspectives diverge — read this list as 'where to start the company', not 'where to hire scale'.
Related rankings
Want a different angle? Browse the full /best directory. Or run the numbers for your own city + lifestyle in the salary calculator.